COEE System Description
a. Modular “Construction Units” – used as equipment support and are Shop Fabricated, with costs shared by WGD, Wind, Wave, and Ebb/Tide systems.
b. All equipment are installed Offshore at a Dry Deck 6-meters above Mean Sea Level.
c. Minimum moving parts, and highest efficiency, all leading to minimal construction, operation and maintenance costs.
d. Direct Drive energy extraction from Waves, Wind and Ebb/Tides, including Pitch and rotation directional control and Variable Speed Generators,
e. Use of “Isosync” VSG generators by VSG-USA that run at a wide range of speeds, will not discard its load, will still continue to generate power of the same frequency and voltage as the utility line it is in parallel with. The “Isosync” VSG generator does this WITHOUT the use of complicated speed controls, power electronics or inverters. The “Isosync” VSG will harness power sources more efficiently or that otherwise could not be utilized with standard AC generators.
f. Wind Turbines support uses modular “Construction Units” from sea bed to 6-meters above Mean Sea Level, where standard WT manufacturer support is used.
g. Wind Turbines blade sweep is multiples of 19-meter diameter
h. Ebb/Tide turbines support uses modular “Construction Units” from sea bed to 6-meters below Mean Sea Level, where standard E/T turbine manufacturer support is used.
i. Wind Turbines are provided with conic sections to maintain water velocity above 2-meters per second.
I. WGD Offshore “Construction Unit”
a. Acts as offshore structure for Wind, Ebb/Tide and Wave Extraction systems.
b. Provides offshore dry deck and space for all equipment.
II. Wave Gear Drive-Pump or Generator
a. A Float following wave undulations transfers buoyant uplift to:
i. Drive a pump to pump a small quantity of water to high head; collect and feed it to a hydro-turbo generator.
ii. Drive an electric “Isosync” VSG Generator
III. Wave Gear Drive-Air Pump
a. Compresses a small quantity of air to high pressure; collects and feeds it to the air inlet of a turbo generator thus reducing fuel consumption. To maintain required turbo generator output, irrespective of availability of waves, fuel is injected as needed.
b. Adding “fogging system” (injecting water vapor into the turbine inlet air) will further improve the efficiency.
IV. Wind Turbines
a. One wind turbine is installed per one or more “Construction Unit”.
b. Reduce the blade sweep to approximately 19 or 38-meters diameter to reduce construction, operation and maintenance costs.
c. The Wind Turbine axis may be Vertical or Horizontal.
d. Transfers wind turbine torque and pitch control via direct drive shafts at low RPM to the deck level, to drive pumps and/or VSG generators.
e. No equipment other than a simple angular gear is installed at the top of the wind turbine support structure.
V. Ebb/Tide Turbines
a. One to six (6) Ebb/Tide turbines are installed per “Construction Unit”.
b. Mechanically transfers turbine torque, pitch and rotation control via a gear chain or angle gear to a VSG generator at the deck.
c. The Ebb/Tide Turbine axis may be Vertical or Horizontal. Vertical axis turbines do not need conic sections.
d. Conic sections at both turbine ends amplify water velocity above 2 m/s, and are provided with screens to prevent ingress of debris and wildlife.
Wave Gear Drive System-WGD
There is no comparable system on the market as to: Direct Drive energy extraction from Wave, Wind and Ebb/Tide, including Pitch and rotation directional control and Variable Speed Generators, all leading to direct energy conversion to electric power.
The system provides modular “Construction Units”, minimum moving parts, and highest efficiency, all leading to minimal construction, operation and maintenance costs.
Hundreds of wave energy systems were developed and can be reviewed at http://peswiki.com/energy/Directory:Ocean_Wave_Energy, www.doe.gov, www.epri.com, or other similar sites. No other system compares with the herein proposed system.
1. Wave Gear Drive System-Description
The WGD system consists of a buoyant float on the sea surface moving up and down with the wave motion developing an uplift force of 2,650.7 Kilograms. This uplift force is transferred through a set of pulleys and reduction gear to pumps or generators to generate electric power which is conditioned, synchronized and transmitted to the shore ready for connection to electric network. The equipment used are the following:
1. Wave Air Pump-WAP
Compresses a small quantity of air to a high pressure; collects and feeds it to the air inlet of a turbo generator. Fuel is injected as needed to maintain required turbo generator output at reduced fuel consumption irrespective of availability of waves. Adding a “fogging system” (injecting water vapor into the turbine inlet air) will further improve the efficiency of the turbo generator as detailed at: website:
www.espcinc.com and http://www.meefog.com/downloads/GT_Comp_Guide.pdf
2. Wave Gear Drive Pump-WGDP
The float directly drives a water pump through a set of pulleys and reduction gear to pump a small quantity of water to a high head; collect and feed it to a hydro-turbo generator to generate electric power. The wave water pump can be either:
a. WWPRC, reciprocating wave water pump..
b. WWPRT, rotary wave water pump
3. Wave Gear Drive Generator-WGDG
The float directly drives a Generator through a set of pulleys and reduction gear, to directly generate electric power. The generator can be:
a. A synchronous AC Generator where alternating voltage is generated, conditioned, synchronized and feed to a step up transformer for transmission through a cable laid at the sea bed to the shore.
b. A DC Generator where Direct Current voltage is generated, conditioned, converted to AC voltage, synchronized and feed to a step up transformer for transmission through a cable laid at the sea bed to the shore.
c. The WGD system provides wave power leveling for constant power output through the whole 360 degrees wave cycle. This is achieved by means of local energy storage above the “Construction Unit”, capacitors and/or high inertia fly wheels.
d. Use of “Isosync” VSG generator by VSG-USA that runs at a wide range of speed, will not discard its load, will still continue to generate power of the same frequency and voltage as the utility line it is in parallel with. The “Isosync” VSG generator does this WITHOUT the use of complicated speed controls, power electronics or inverters. The “Isosync” VSG will harness power sources more efficiently or that otherwise could not be utilized with standard AC generators.
4. WGD System Construction
a. The WGD system consists of offshore structurally independent “Construction Units” laid side by side. Each “Construction Unit” has a footprint of 21x15 meters and supports ten (10) sets each consisting of four (4) pumps or generators to give a total of forty (40) pumps or generators. As much as fifty (57) “Construction Units” can be installed in an offshore area measuring 1,000x21 meters.
b. The “Construction Unit” is modified to support up to six (6) Ebb/Tide turbines and one (1) wind turbine.
c. Protective electric gear, monitoring, control and step up transformers and other equipment are all installed on the dry deck of the “Construction Unit”.
6. WGD System Output
a. The float is designed to give a maximum uplift of 2,650 Kilograms. The float dimensions are varied for pumps or generator units, 2, 3 and 4 to compensate for loss of wave energy due to energy extraction at the preceding pump or generator, resulting in wave height reduction as the wave proceeds to units 2, 3, and 4.
b. The WGD system with the dimensions shown on the drawings extracts energy from waves having heights between 0.75 and 8 meters. The table below shows different power and energy outputs for different wave heights, for 1.5m wave front and for partial 162 degrees and for full 360 degree duration. For comparison purposes, the total efficiency of gas or fuel oil turbo generators is of the order of 31 to 35% compared to 26 to 40% for the WGD system during the 126 degrees.
7. Estimated Output
a. Output for wave energy extraction system REWGD is shown in the Table shown on the Drawings for different wave heights. KWH output depends on wave heights and respective durations.
b. Output for Ebb/Tide turbines is a function of Ebb/Tide levels. Durations are be considered as 20 Hours per day.
c. Output for Wind Turbines depends on wind speed, respective durations and turbine efficiency.
The above data are required to provide a proper estimate of the energy output per year in KWH.
Offshore Structure Types
There two types of the “Coordinated Offshore Energy Extraction” system.
1. Offshore Floating Structure
2. Offshore Fixed Structure
I. Offshore Floating Structure
The wave energy extraction consists of immersed water pumps operated by a buoyant float, as shown on the drawings. The pumped water is piped to a hydro turbo generator near the shoreline. This system requires:
1. The system consists of Water Pumps, Ebb/Tide turbines and Wind turbines.
2. A minimum water depth of 15 meters.
3. Installation near the shoreline
4. The hydro turbo generator is close to the shoreline
II. Offshore Fixed Structure
The wave energy extraction consists of a buoyant float directly driving water pumps and/or electric generators installed offshore at an offshore fixed structure, as shown on the drawings. This system requires:
1. A minimum water depth of 15 meters
2. It can be installed offshore, +/- 5 miles
III. Site Selection
Depends on the following:
1. Client requirements.
2. Actual project site to determine which system is selected
3. Adverse effects on shoreline recreational area, fishing, environmental protection, marine life and scenic view.
4. System selected
IV. Estimated Output
1. Output for wave energy extraction system REWGD is shown in the Table under Drawings for different wave heights. KWH output depends on wave heights and respective durations.
2. Output for Ebb/Tide turbines is a function of Ebb/Tide levels. Durations are be considered as 20 Hours per day.
3. Output for Wind Turbines depends on wind speed, respective durations and turbine efficiency.
The above data are required to provide a proper estimate of the energy output per year in KWH.