Coordinated Offshore Energy Extraction System
Wind, Wave and Ebb/Tide
www.renwableenergypumps.com
Filename: COEE General Proposal
Once an offshore wind farm is planned, then it is worth to investigate utilization of the offshore area to extract maximum energy. This is achieved by the COEE System as herein described.
There is no comparable system on the market as to: Direct Drive energy extraction from Wave, Wind and Ebb/Tide, including Pitch and rotation directional control, all leading to direct energy conversion to electric power.
The use of “Isosync” VSG generator by VSG-USA that runs at a wide range of speeds, will not discard its load, will still continue to generate power of the same frequency and voltage as the utility line it is connected to. The “Isosync” VSG generator does this WITHOUT the use of complicated speed controls, power electronics or inverters. The “Isosync” VSG will harness power sources more efficiently or that otherwise could not be utilized with standard AC generators.
The system provides modular construction, minimum moving parts, and highest efficiency, all leading to minimal construction, operation and maintenance costs.
We have the capacity in collaboration with international firms to undertake Turn-Key, EPC contracts.
Our proposal consists of the following:
1. Useful General Information
2. COEE System Detailed Description
3. COEE System Drawings
Our recommendations
A comparison should be made between the COEE System as herein other existing systems to satisfy the inquisitiveness of all concerned and to select the best that suits the project.
A detailed study and selection of the site is required. This should include a plan and an elevation view for the whole area at shore and offshore, sea state, wind state, ebb/tide state. Excess energy may be stored at an elevated water reservoir, or directly fed into the electric utility network.
Our services may be a turnkey project; EPC. That is; Engineering, Procurement and Construction, or any part thereof.
Useful General Information
The following are provided for information and for Budgeting purposes.
1. The price of offshore wind turbines rose 48% from 1,380 US$/KW in 2008 to3,450 US$/KW in 2010. Actual cost depends on project scope, size, site and special requirements.
2. The cost of solar energy has fallen sharply over the last 20 years. Still, electricity from a concentrated solar power plant can cost about 10 to 14 cents per kilowatt-hour, compared with about 4 cents per kilowatt-hour from a coal or natural gas power plant
3. Natural gas, which came in at 5.2 cents per kilowatt-hour
4. It has been estimated that improving technology and economies of scale will allow wave generators to produce electricity at a cost comparable to wind-driven turbines, which produce energy at about 4.5 cents kWh.
5. For now, the best wave generator technology in place in the United Kingdom is producing energy at an average projected/assessed cost of 7.5 cents kWh.
6. Combined-cycle natural gas turbine technology, the primary source of new electric power capacity produces energy at about 3 cents per kilowatt hour or higher.
7. Wave energy contains roughly 1000 times the kinetic energy of wind, allowing much smaller and less conspicuous devices to produce the same amount of power in a fraction of the space.
8. Unlike wind and solar power, power from ocean waves continues to be produced around the clock, whereas wind velocity tends to die in the morning and at night, and solar is only available during the day in areas with relatively little cloud cover;
9. Wave power production is much smoother and more consistent than wind or solar, resulting in higher overall capacity factors;
10. Estimating the potential resource for wave energy is much easier than wind, an important factor in attracting project lenders.
11. Wave energy needs only 1/200 the land area of wind and requires no access roads, infrastructure costs are less;
12. A10-meter high wave energy extraction devices can be integrated into breakwaters in busy port areas, producing power exactly where it is needed. That is; produces electric power and acts as a Floating Break Water Structure.
13. When constructed with materials developed for use on off-shore oil platforms, ocean wave power devices (which contain few moving parts) should cost less to maintain than those powered by wind;
14. Even though wave energy is at the very beginning of the manufacturing learning curve, capital costs per net KW are already down and are in the range of wind energy devices, and below solar devices. In areas of higher power costs, such as diesel-based communities not connected to the grid, investment returns from wave energy projects are potentially very attractive.
Diesel
1. Diesel Density =0.85 grams/cubic centimeter.
2. Diesel Consumption is 213 grams/KWH
3. Conventional Thermal Plants
4. Oil Thermal (fuel oil) - 300 MW, 0.1397 $/kWh
5. Reciprocating Diesel Engine (diesel, fuel oil) – 50 MW, 0.1605 $/kWh
6. Reciprocating Orimulsion Engine (orimulsion) – 50 MW, 0.1143 $/kWh
Gas Turbines (oil, natural gas)
1. Simple GT – 35 MW, 0.0755 $/kWh
2. Heavy Frame GT – 200 MW, 0.0875 $/kWh
3. Combined Cycle GT – 500 MW, 0.0607 $/kWh
Offshore-Wind
4. The Rhode Island PUC has approved a contract with utility National Grid establishing a maximum starting price of 24.4 cents per kWh, with 3.5 percent increases over the 20-year life of the deal. The developer has already secured one major state approval to construct the project, although this approval is currently being challenged in state Supreme Court.
5. The first foundation of the offshore wind farm Thornton Bank 2 has been successfully installed off the coast of Belgium. The around 50 meter high and 550 ton steel foundation (a so-called jacket foundation) was manufactured in Hoboken near Antwerp, and in the past few days it was transported via pontoons through the Scheldt estuary to its final destination around 30 kilo-meters off the Belgian coast.
Ocean Wave Energy Commercialization
1. The footprint of a 100MW conventional power plant superstructure, including surrounding grounds, fuel unloading areas, waste settling ponds, and additional facilities can require up to 2 square miles of valuable real estate. A comparable OPT power plant would occupy less than 1 square mile of unused ocean surface out of sight from the shore.
Site requirements and Selection
There two types of the “Coordinated Offshore Energy Extraction” system.
1. Offshore Floating Structure
2. Offshore Fixed Structure
I. Offshore Floating Structure
The wave energy extraction consists of immersed water pumps operated by a buoyant float, as shown on the drawings. The pumped water is piped to a hydro turbo generator near the shoreline. This system requires:
1. The system consists of Water Pumps, Ebb/Tide turbines and Wind turbines.
2. A minimum water depth of 15 meters.
3. Installation near the shoreline
4. The hydro turbo generator is close to the shoreline
II. Offshore Fixed Structure
The wave energy extraction consists of a buoyant float directly driving water pumps and/or electric generators installed offshore at an offshore fixed structure, as shown on the drawings. This system requires:
1. A minimum water depth of 15 meters
2. It can be installed offshore, +/- 5 miles
III. Site Selection
Depends on the following:
1. Client requirements.
2. Actual project site to determine which system is selected
3. Adverse effects on shoreline recreational area, fishing, environmental protection, marine life and scenic view.
4. System selected
Estimated Output
IV. Output for wave energy extraction system REWGD is shown in the Table shown on the Drawings for different wave heights. KWH output depends on wave heights and respective durations.
V. Output for Ebb/Tide turbines is a function of Ebb/Tide levels. Durations are be considered as 20 Hours per day.
VI. Output for Wind Turbines depends on wind speed, respective durations and turbine efficiency.
The above data are required to provide a proper estimate of the energy output per year in KWH.
Coordinated Offshore Energy Extraction System
Wind, Wave and Ebb/Tide
www.renwableenergypumps.com
Filename: COEE Det. Descrip.
Once an offshore wind farm is planned, then it is worth to investigate utilization of the offshore area to extract maximum energy.
There is no comparable system on the market as to: Direct Drive energy extraction from Wave, Wind and Ebb/Tide, including Pitch and rotation directional control, all leading to direct energy conversion to electric power.
The use of “Isosync” VSG generator by VSG-USA that runs at a wide range of speed, will not discard its load, will still continue to generate power of the same frequency and voltage as the utility line it is in parallel with. The “Isosync” VSG generator does this WITHOUT the use of complicated speed controls, power electronics or inverters. The “Isosync” VSG will harness power sources more efficiently or that otherwise could not be utilized with standard AC generators.
The system provides modular construction, minimum moving parts, and highest efficiency, all leading to minimal construction, operation and maintenance costs.
Our proposal consists of the following:
COEE System Description
a. Modular “Construction Units” – used as equipment support and are Shop Fabricated, with costs shared by WGD, Wind, Wave, and Ebb/Tide systems.
b. All equipment are installed Offshore at a Dry Deck 6-meters above Mean Sea Level.
c. Minimum moving parts, and highest efficiency, all leading to minimal construction, operation and maintenance costs.
d. Direct Drive energy extraction from Waves, Wind and Ebb/Tides, including Pitch and rotation directional control and Variable Speed Generators,
e. Use of “Isosync” VSG generators by VSG-USA that run at a wide range of speeds, will not discard its load, will still continue to generate power of the same frequency and voltage as the utility line it is in parallel with. The “Isosync” VSG generator does this WITHOUT the use of complicated speed controls, power electronics or inverters. The “Isosync” VSG will harness power sources more efficiently or that otherwise could not be utilized with standard AC generators.
f. Wind Turbines support uses modular “Construction Units” from sea bed to 6-meters above Mean Sea Level, where standard WT manufacturer support is used.
g. Wind Turbines blade sweep is multiples of 19-meter diameter
h. Ebb/Tide turbines support uses modular “Construction Units” from sea bed to 6-meters below Mean Sea Level, where standard E/T turbine manufacturer support is used.
i. Wind Turbines are provided with conic sections to maintain water velocity above 2-meters per second.
I. WGD Offshore “Construction Unit”
a. Acts as offshore structure for Wind, Ebb/Tide and Wave Extraction systems.
b. Provides offshore dry deck and space for all equipment.
II. Wave Gear Drive-Pump or Generator
a. A Float following wave undulations transfers buoyant uplift to:
i. Drive a pump to pump a small quantity of water to high head; collect and feed it to a hydro-turbo generator.
ii. Drive an electric “Isosync” VSG Generator
III. Wave Gear Drive-Air Pump
a. Compresses a small quantity of air to high pressure; collects and feeds it to the air inlet of a turbo generator thus reducing fuel consumption. To maintain required turbo generator output, irrespective of availability of waves, fuel is injected as needed.
b. Adding “fogging system” (injecting water vapor into the turbine inlet air) will further improve the efficiency.
IV. Wind Turbines
a. One wind turbine is installed per one or more “Construction Unit”.
b. Reduce the blade sweep to approximately 19 or 38-meters diameter to reduce construction, operation and maintenance costs.
c. The Wind Turbine axis may be Vertical or Horizontal.
d. Transfers wind turbine torque and pitch control via direct drive shafts at low RPM to the deck level, to drive pumps and/or VSG generators.
e. No equipment other than a simple angular gear is installed at the top of the wind turbine support structure.
V. Ebb/Tide Turbines
a. One to six (6) Ebb/Tide turbines are installed per “Construction Unit”.
b. Mechanically transfers turbine torque, pitch and rotation control via a gear chain or angle gear to a VSG generator at the deck.
c. The Ebb/Tide Turbine axis may be Vertical or Horizontal. Vertical axis turbines do not need conic sections.
d. Conic sections at both turbine ends amplify water velocity above 2 m/s, and are provided with screens to prevent ingress of debris and wildlife.
Wave Gear Drive System-WGD
There is no comparable system on the market as to: Direct Drive energy extraction from Wave, Wind and Ebb/Tide, including Pitch and rotation directional control and Variable Speed Generators, all leading to direct energy conversion to electric power.
The system provides modular “Construction Units”, minimum moving parts, and highest efficiency, all leading to minimal construction, operation and maintenance costs.
Hundreds of wave energy systems were developed and can be reviewed at http://peswiki.com/energy/Directory:Ocean_Wave_Energy, www.doe.gov, www.epri.com, or other similar sites. No other system compares with the herein proposed system.
1. Wave Gear Drive System-Description
The WGD system consists of a buoyant float on the sea surface moving up and down with the wave motion developing an uplift force of 2,650.7 Kilograms. This uplift force is transferred through a set of pulleys and reduction gear to pumps or generators to generate electric power which is conditioned, synchronized and transmitted to the shore ready for connection to electric network. The equipment used are the following:
2. Wave Air Pump-WAP
Compresses a small quantity of air to a high pressure; collects and feeds it to the air inlet of a turbo generator. Fuel is injected as needed to maintain required turbo generator output at reduced fuel consumption irrespective of availability of waves. Adding a “fogging system” (injecting water vapor into the turbine inlet air) will further improve the efficiency of the turbo generator as detailed at: website:
www.espcinc.com and http://www.meefog.com/downloads/GT_Comp_Guide.pdf
3. Wave Gear Drive Pump-WGDP
The float directly drives a water pump through a set of pulleys and reduction gear to pump a small quantity of water to a high head; collect and feed it to a hydro-turbo generator to generate electric power. The wave water pump can be either:
a. WWPRC, reciprocating wave water pump..
b. WWPRT, rotary wave water pump
4. Wave Gear Drive Generator-WGDG
The float directly drives a Generator through a set of pulleys and reduction gear, to directly generate electric power. The generator can be:
a. A synchronous AC Generator where alternating voltage is generated, conditioned, synchronized and feed to a step up transformer for transmission through a cable laid at the sea bed to the shore.
b. A DC Generator where Direct Current voltage is generated, conditioned, converted to AC voltage, synchronized and feed to a step up transformer for transmission through a cable laid at the sea bed to the shore.
c. The WGD system provides wave power leveling for constant power output through the whole 360 degrees wave cycle. This is achieved by means of local energy storage above the “Construction Unit”, capacitors and/or high inertia fly wheels.
d. Use of “Isosync” VSG generator by VSG-USA that runs at a wide range of speed, will not discard its load, will still continue to generate power of the same frequency and voltage as the utility line it is in parallel with. The “Isosync” VSG generator does this WITHOUT the use of complicated speed controls, power electronics or inverters. The “Isosync” VSG will harness power sources more efficiently or that otherwise could not be utilized with standard AC generators.
5. WGD System Construction
a. The WGD system consists of offshore structurally independent “Construction Units” laid side by side. Each “Construction Unit” has a footprint of 21x15 meters and supports ten (10) sets each consisting of four (4) pumps or generators to give a total of forty (40) pumps or generators. As much as fifty (57) “Construction Units” can be installed in an offshore area measuring 1,000x21 meters.
b. The “Construction Unit” is modified to support up to six (6) Ebb/Tide turbines and one (1) wind turbine.
c. Protective electric gear, monitoring, control and step up transformers and other equipment are all installed on the dry deck of the “Construction Unit”.
6. WGD System Output
a. The float is designed to give a maximum uplift of 2,650 Kilograms. The float dimensions are varied for pumps or generator units, 2, 3 and 4 to compensate for loss of wave energy due to energy extraction at the preceding pump or generator, resulting in wave height reduction as the wave proceeds to units 2, 3, and 4.
b. The WGD system with the dimensions shown on the drawings extracts energy from waves having heights between 0.75 and 8 meters. The table below shows different power and energy outputs for different wave heights, for 1.5m wave front and for partial 162 degrees and for full 360 degree duration. For comparison purposes, the total efficiency of gas or fuel oil turbo generators is of the order of 31 to 35% compared to 26 to 40% for the WGD system during the 126 degrees.
7. Estimated Output
a. Output for wave energy extraction system REWGD is shown in the Table shown on the Drawings for different wave heights. KWH output depends on wave heights and respective durations.
b. Output for Ebb/Tide turbines is a function of Ebb/Tide levels. Durations are be considered as 20 Hours per day.
c. Output for Wind Turbines depends on wind speed, respective durations and turbine efficiency.
The above data are required to provide a proper estimate of the energy output per year in KWH.
Offshore Structure Types
There two types of the “Coordinated Offshore Energy Extraction” system.
3. Offshore Floating Structure
4. Offshore Fixed Structure
I. Offshore Floating Structure
The wave energy extraction consists of immersed water pumps operated by a buoyant float, as shown on the drawings. The pumped water is piped to a hydro turbo generator near the shoreline. This system requires:
5. The system consists of Water Pumps, Ebb/Tide turbines and Wind turbines.
6. A minimum water depth of 15 meters.
7. Installation near the shoreline
8. The hydro turbo generator is close to the shoreline
II. Offshore Fixed Structure
The wave energy extraction consists of a buoyant float directly driving water pumps and/or electric generators installed offshore at an offshore fixed structure, as shown on the drawings. This system requires:
3. A minimum water depth of 15 meters
4. It can be installed offshore, +/- 5 miles
III. Site Selection
Depends on the following:
5. Client requirements.
6. Actual project site to determine which system is selected
7. Adverse effects on shoreline recreational area, fishing, environmental protection, marine life and scenic view.
8. System selected
IV. Estimated Output
1. Output for wave energy extraction system REWGD is shown in the Table under Drawings for different wave heights. KWH output depends on wave heights and respective durations.
2. Output for Ebb/Tide turbines is a function of Ebb/Tide levels. Durations are be considered as 20 Hours per day.
3. Output for Wind Turbines depends on wind speed, respective durations and turbine efficiency.
The above data are required to provide a proper estimate of the energy output per year in KWH.
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